Book edited by Markus D. Dubber, Frank Pasquale, and Sunit Das.
Published by Oxford University Press.
896 pages.
This book explores the intertwining domains of artificial intelligence (AI) and ethics—two highly divergent fields which at first seem to have nothing to do with one another. AI is a collection of computational methods for studying human knowledge, learning, and behavior, including by building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge—far from completely understood—that helps agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other AIs) decide how they and others should behave. Despite these differences, however, the rapid development in AI technology today has led to a growing number of ethical issues in a multitude of fields, ranging from disciplines as far-reaching as international human rights law to issues as intimate as personal identity and sexuality. In fact, the number and variety of topics in this volume illustrate the width, diversity of content, and at times exasperating vagueness of the boundaries of “AI Ethics” as a domain of inquiry. Within this discourse, the book points to the capacity of sociotechnical systems that utilize data-driven algorithms to classify, to make decisions, and to control complex systems. Given the wide-reaching and often intimate impact these AI systems have on daily human lives, this volume attempts to address the increasingly complicated relations between humanity and artificial intelligence. It considers not only how humanity must conduct themselves toward AI but also how AI must behave toward humanity.
Table of Contents
Part I. Introduction & Overview
- The Artificial Intelligence of the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: An Introductory Overview for Law and Regulation — Joanna J. Bryson
- The Ethics of the Ethics of AI — Thomas M. Powers and Jean-Gabriel Ganascia
- Ethical Issues in Our Relationship with Artificial Entities — Judith Donath
Part II. Frameworks & Modes
- AI Governance by Human Rights–Centered Design, Deliberation, and Oversight: An End to Ethics Washing — Karen Yeung, Andrew Howes, and Ganna Pogrebna
- The Incompatible Incentives of Private-Sector AI — Tom Slee
- Normative Modes: Codes and Standards — Paula Boddington
- The Role of Professional Norms in the Governance of Artificial Intelligence — Urs Gasser and Carolyn Schmitt
Part III. Concepts & Issues
- We’re Missing a Moral Framework of Justice in Artificial Intelligence: On the Limits, Failings, and Ethics of Fairness — Matthew Le Bui and Safiya Umoja Noble
- Accountability in Computer Systems — Joshua A. Kroll
- Transparency — Nicholas Diakopoulos
- Responsibility and Artificial Intelligence — Virginia Dignum
- The Concept of Handoff as a Model for Ethical Analysis and Design — Deirdre K. Mulligan and Helen Nissenbaum
- Race and Gender — Timnit Gebru
- The Future of Work in the Age of AI: Displacement or Risk-Shifting? — Pegah Moradi and Karen Levy
- AI as a Moral Right-Holder — John Basl and Joseph Bowen
- Could You Merge with AI?: Reflections on the Singularity and Radical Brain Enhancement — Cody Turner and Susan Schneider
- Are Sentient AIs Persons? — Mark Kingwell
- Autonomy — Michael Wheeler
- Troubleshooting AI and Consent — Meg Leta Jones and Elizabeth Edenberg
- Is Human Judgment Necessary?: Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Governance, and the Law — Norman W. Spaulding
- Sexuality — John Danaher
IV. Perspectives & Approaches
- Perspectives on Ethics of AI: Computer Science — Benjamin Kuipers
- Social Failure Modes in Technology and the Ethics of AI: An Engineering Perspective — Jason Millar
- A Human-Centered Approach to AI Ethics: A Perspective from Cognitive Science — Ron Chrisley
- Integrating Ethical Values and Economic Value to Steer Progress in Artificial Intelligence — Anton Korinek
- Fairness Criteria through the Lens of Directed Acyclic Graphs: A Statistical Modeling Perspective — Benjamin R. Baer, Daniel E. Gilbert, and Martin T. Wells
- Automating Origination: Perspectives from the Humanities — Avery Slater
- Perspectives on Ethics of AI: Philosophy — David J. Gunkel
- The Complexity of Otherness: Anthropological Contributions to Robots and AI — Kathleen Richardson
- Calculative Composition: The Ethics of Automating Design — Shannon Mattern
- AI and the Global South: Designing for Other Worlds — Chinmayi Arun
- Perspectives and Approaches in AI Ethics: East Asia — Danit Gal
- Artificial Intelligence and Inequality in the Middle East: The Political Economy of Inclusion — Nagla Rizk
- Europe: Toward a Policy Framework for Trustworthy AI — Andrea Renda
Part V. Cases & Applications
- Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Transport — Bryant Walker Smith
- The Case for Ethical AI in the Military — Jason Scholz and Jai Galliott
- The Ethics of AI in Biomedical Research, Patient Care, and Public Health — Alessandro Blasimme and Effy Vayena
- Ethics of AI in Law: Basic Questions — Harry Surden
- Beyond Bias: “Ethical AI” in Criminal Law — Chelsea Barabas
- “Fair Notice” in the Age of AI — Kiel Brennan-Marquez
- AI and Migration Management — Petra Molnar
- Robot Teaching, Pedagogy, and Policy — Elana Zeide
- Algorithms and the Social Organization of Work — Ifeoma Ajunwa and Rachel Schlund
- Smart City Ethics: How “Smart” Challenges Democratic Governance — Ellen P. Goodman
About the Editors
- Markus D. Dubber is Professor of Law & Criminology and Director of the Centre for Ethics at the University of Toronto.
- Frank Pasquale is the Piper & Marbury Professor of Law at the University of Maryland.
- Sunit Das is a neurosurgeon and scientist at St. Michael’s Hospital and the Research Institute of the Hospital for Sick Kids and an Associate Professor in the Department of Surgery at the University of Toronto.